Randomization#
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import pynapple as nap
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
custom_params = {"axes.spines.right": False, "axes.spines.top": False}
sns.set_theme(style="ticks", palette="colorblind", font_scale=1.5, rc=custom_params)
Pynapple provides some ready-to-use randomization methods to compute null distributions for statistical testing. Different methods preserve or destroy different features of the data.
Shift timestamps#
shift_timestamps shifts all the timestamps in a Ts object by the same random amount, wrapping the end of the time support to its beginning. This randomization preserves the temporal structure in the data but destroys the temporal relationships with other quantities (e.g. behavioural data).
When applied on a TsGroup object, each series in the group is shifted independently.
ts = nap.Ts(t=np.sort(np.random.uniform(0, 100, 10)), time_units="ms")
rand_ts = nap.shift_timestamps(ts, min_shift=1, max_shift=20)
Shuffle timestamp intervals#
shuffle_ts_intervals computes the intervals between consecutive timestamps, permutes them, and generates a new set of timestamps with the permuted intervals.
This procedure preserve the distribution of intervals, but not their sequence.
ts = nap.Ts(t=np.sort(np.random.uniform(0, 100, 10)), time_units="s")
rand_ts = nap.shuffle_ts_intervals(ts)
Jitter timestamps#
jitter_timestamps shifts each timestamp in the data of an independent random amount. When applied with a small max_jitter, this procedure destroys the fine temporal structure of the data, while preserving structure on longer timescales.
ts = nap.Ts(t=np.sort(np.random.uniform(0, 100, 10)), time_units="s")
rand_ts = nap.jitter_timestamps(ts, max_jitter=1)
Resample timestamps#
resample_timestamps uniformly re-draws the same number of timestamps in ts, in the same time support. This procedures preserve the total number of timestamps, but destroys any other feature of the original data.
ts = nap.Ts(t=np.sort(np.random.uniform(0, 100, 10)), time_units="s")
rand_ts = nap.resample_timestamps(ts)